Phyllanthus niruri leaves: Unveiling their reversible anti-inflammatory activity on MIF protein and macrophage cells
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31989/bchd.v8i8.1623چکیده
Background: Phyllanthus niruri leaves have been known for their various biological activities, including potential anti-inflammatory effects for prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. However, their anti-inflammatory effects have not yet been comprehensively elaborated. This study introduces the novel finding that Phyllanthus niruri leaf extract reversibly exhibits inhibition of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) activity, a key protein in chronic inflammation, with a low IC50. Furthermore, it demonstrates the extract's ability to reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IFN-γ in macrophage cells, suggesting a previously unelaborated mechanism for its anti-inflammatory potential.
Methods: The research innovatively combines the assessment of MIF tautomerase inhibition with the evaluation of pro-inflammatory cytokine reduction in macrophage cells to comprehensively characterize the anti-inflammatory activity of Phyllanthus niruri. The determination of the reversibility of MIF inhibition adds a crucial layer of understanding to its potential therapeutic action, suggesting a dynamic interaction with the target protein.
Results: Phyllanthus niruri leaf extract inhibited MIF activity reversibly with an IC50 in the low mg/L range and reduced the concentrations of IL-1β and IFN-γ pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells to different extents.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that Phyllanthus niruri leaf extract holds promise as a natural anti-inflammatory agent for managing inflammation-associated chronic diseases. The demonstrated in vitro efficacy warrants further investigation into its potential as a therapeutic or preventive agent, paving the way for future in vivo studies and clinical trials to validate its use in human health.
Keywords: inflammatory-associated chronic diseases, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), macrophage cells, Phyllanthus niruri, anti-inflammatory agent.
چاپ شده
شماره
نوع مقاله
مجوز
حق نشر 2025 FFC/Bioactive Compounds in Health and Disease
این پروژه تحت مجوز بین المللی Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 می باشد.
Any manuscripts or substantial parts of it, submitted to the journal must not be under consideration by or previously published in any other journal or citable form. Authors are required to ensure that no material submitted as part of a manuscript infringes existing copyrights or the rights of a third party. In submitting one's article in any form, the author has assigned the FFC publishing rights and has agreed to an automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher. This is so that the FFC may create print option journals, for example, at the FFC’s discretion. If the author wishes to distribute their works by means outside of the FFC, for example within their community, they will have to place a request.
Correspondence concerning articles published in Functional Foods in Health and Disease is encouraged. While derivative works (adaptations, extensions on the current work, etc.) are allowed, distribution of the modified material is not allowed without permission from the FFC.