Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha): an overview of its bioactive constituents, biological effects, and relevance to women's health
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31989/bmp.v3i6.1992Abstract
Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) is a medicinal plant widely used in Ayurvedic medicine for nearly 3,000 years. Its biological activity is attributed to bioactive constituents particularly withanolides, alkaloids, sitoindosides, glycosides, and steroidal lactones.
Through its adaptogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, Withania somnifera has been associated with modulation of the stress response, regulation of cortisol levels, improved sleep quality, and enhanced cognitive performance, including memory, executive function, and sustained attention. By influencing both stress-related and hormonal pathways, it may also provide benefits for women’s health.
This review summarizes the major bioactive compounds of Withania somnifera and examines current evidence regarding its mechanisms of action and potential health effects, with particular attention to female well-being. Growing interest in herbal supplementation highlights the need for a better understanding of its clinical applications. Although available findings suggest promising benefits, evidence specific to women remains limited. Further well-designed studies are required to clarify optimal dosing strategies, treatment duration, and efficacy across different clinical settings.
Novelty of the study: The novelty of this review lies in the comprehensive synthesis and evaluation of current evidence linking the bioactive compounds of Withania somnifera with its mechanism of action and overall health benefits. In addition, the review discusses the available evidence related to women's health, an area that remains insufficiently explored in the current literature.
Keywords: Withania somnifera, ashwagandha, adaptogens, bioactive compounds, withanolides, PCOS, PMS, menopause
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