Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007
type: channel
description: The Functional Foods in Health and Disease (FFHD) is a peer-reviewed, open-access international journal which serves as the journal of the Academic Society for Functional Foods and Bioactive Compounds (ASFFBC). Journal Citation and Indexing The FFHD journal has been indexed in the Web of Science since 2011 with a current Impact Factor of 1.04. In addition, FFHD is indexed in the Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) since 2015 and in Scopus since 2020. All articles from 2011 on have been accepted and indexed in web of Science. The acceptance into both Scopus and Web of Science shows the strength of the journal and the authors as well as helps to expand the reach of our published articles. The articles we publish include cutting-edge biomedical research and development of functional foods. The goal is to provide research that can lead to the development of functional food products. The actual definition for these functional foods, as provided by the Functional Food Center (FFC) is as follows: “Natural or processed foods that contain biologically-active compounds, which, in defined, effective, non-toxic amounts, provide a clinically proven and documented health benefit utilizing specific biomarkers, to promote optimal health and reduce the risk of chronic/viral diseases and manage their symptoms." The journal also serves as an excellent resource for Ph.D. students, professors, public health professionals, medical doctors, dieticians, nutritionists, government representatives (FDA, NIH, USDA), and the general public for information regarding the latest advancements for promoting optimal health and reducing the risk of chronic/viral diseases and managing their symptoms using functional foods and bioactive compounds including antioxidants, vitamins, and many more. The FFHD journal has been published under the title Functional Foods in Health and Disease since February 2011. You can submit your manuscripts and cover letter here or directly to the Editorial Office at edit…
publisher: Food Science Publisher
language: en
publication name: Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007
issn: 2378-7007
copyright: Authors retain the copyright of their articles and grant the Functional Food Center (FFC) and its journals the right of first publication under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, including commercial use, provided the original author(s) and source are properly credited. Authors may post and share their published work freely, provided that the original publication in this journal is acknowledged. By submitting to this journal, authors confirm that their manuscripts are original, not under consideration elsewhere, and that they hold the necessary rights to grant this license. The Functional Food Center encourages open scientific exchange and allows derivative and extended works, provided attribution to the original publication is maintained.
items: Superiority of the body roundness index over BMI in linking central adiposity with vitamin D3: A cross-sectional study in Iraqi adults
items: Cerebrovascular and antihyperlipidemic properties of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus) fruit
items: Active medicinal-food homologous complex nutrients (AMCN) enhance immune systems in zebrafish
items: Acceptability and tolerability of a Hibiscus sabdariffa L. beverage and effect on biomarkers of pregnant women: Phase I pilot trial
items: Expression ratio of PD-1 on the T cell surface and TGF-β levels in acute and chronic brucellosis: A marker of immune evasion
items: Clove bud extract inhibits glycation of bovine serum albumin: Insights from in vitro and molecular dynamics simulation analysis
items: Regulation of a synbiotic herbal-probiotic formula (HBF) on alcohol metabolism in human: A randomized controlled trial
items: Apricot leaf: A new source of bioactive compounds – an overview
items: Genetic Changes In Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Induced by High Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Soil
items: The effect of different growth conditions on the content of bioactive compounds and gross β-radioactivity of some wild edible plants in the Republic of Armenia
items: https://www.ffhdj.com/index.php/ffhd/article/view/1747
items: Novel functional confectionery: incorporating blueberry extract for nutritional enhancement and quality improvement
items: Yeast whey-enriched bread: nutritional profile and potential functional relevance
items: Enhancing the functional value of watermelon through study of bioactive compounds and grafting potential in Armenia
items: Production of citric acid from fermentation solution by cultivation Aspergillus niger-1 strain on an extract obtained from topinambur (Helianthus tuberosus) artichoke tubers
items: Comparison of the antihypertensive effect of maguey (Agave salmiana) sap concentrate extracts by in vitro and in vivo tests
items: Evaluation and comparative studies of the dissolution profiles of gummi armeniacae and PVP-containing Acetaminophen tablets
items: Isolation and identification of the active compounds found in aromatic oils extracted from Mentha longifolia and their use in the extension shelf life of frozen beef patties
items: https://www.ffhdj.com/index.php/ffhd/article/view/1726
items: Nodule bacteria and cyanobacterial symbionts: Biological drivers of sustainable crop production and healthy nutrition
items: Effects of Ginger Extract Powder E on attention as a Cognitive Function: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled parallel study
items: Effects of seabuckthorn juice consumption on erythropoietin production, fatigue, and quality of life in women: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study
items: Volatile signatures and antioxidant potentials of white mugwort (Artemisia lactiflora) extracts in emulsions: The influence of pH on functionality and stability
items: Polysaccharides from split gill mushrooms (Schizophyllum commune Fr.) improve glucose metabolism and reduce muscleinflammation in a rat model of type 2 diabetes
items: Precise nutritional modulation of cancer biomarkers through the employment of functional foods and bioactive compounds
items: https://www.ffhdj.com/index.php/ffhd/article/view/1684
items: Heat-inactivated Bacillus subtilis subsp. natto strain QOL (QOLbacillus natto) improves negative mood states: A randomized,double-blind, and placebo-controlled parallel study
items: The influence of 2'-fucosyllactose on intestinal cell function: A comprehensive review of experimental studies
items: Passiflora ligularis extract improved acetylcholinesterase activity, oxidative stress markers, and neurocognitive outcomes in scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's model in zebrafish
items: https://www.ffhdj.com/index.php/ffhd/article/view/1666

Superiority of the body roundness index over BMI in linking central adiposity with vitamin D3: A cross-sectional study in Iraqi adults
type: item
description: Background: Body mass index is a poor measure of central adiposity. The Body Roundness Index may be a better measure, although data for Middle Eastern adults are limited. Objectives: To investigate the association of animal-fat consumption with adiposity indices as well as vitamin D3, and compare BRI with BMI as a marker of body fat in Iraqi adults. Methods: We used dietary questionnaires, anthropometry, and bioelectrical impedance to estimate visceral fat area and serum vitamin D3 in a cross-sectional study of 527 adults. Correlation and regression analyses were performed. Results: There was no association between animal-fat intake and the adiposity indices or vitamin D3. In contrast with BMI, BRI presented a quite strong inverse correlation with vitamin D3 (r = –0.497, p < 0.001). Visceral fat area was not predicted by any of the indices. Novelty explicit: In this adult sample from Iraq, BRI is more helpful than BMI for detecting central adiposity, which is associated with vitamin D3 insufficiency; as a result, BRI may be a better screening tool in a clinical and epidemiological context. Conclusion: BRI was a better indicator of metabolic risk associated with adiposity than BMI. In both clinical and epidemiological settings, it might be a beneficial screening tool for central adiposity and Vitamin D deficiency. Keywords: Body Roundness Index; Vitamin D3; Visceral fat; Body Mass Index; Adiposity.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Sura Kadhim
creator: Duaa Al-Atta
creator: Monaf Samarraee
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-03
publication date: 2025-11-03
starting page: 783
ending page: 795
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i11.1798

Cerebrovascular and antihyperlipidemic properties of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus) fruit
type: item
description: Background: Ischemic diseases are major global health burden, contributing significantly to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders, with ischemic stroke being a leading cause. The main risk factors for ischemia are vascular wall damage, atherosclerosis progression, lipid metabolism disturbances, and increased platelet aggregation. Current medications targeting these mechanisms may lead to side effects, especially when they are used for prevention, driving interest in plant-derived compounds with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular benefits. Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus) has attracted attention for its high levels of polyphenols, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and organic acids, known for their blood pressure-regulating, anti-inflammatory, and sleep-modulating properties. These compounds protect the vascular system by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Investigation of sour cherry cerebrovascular and anti-hyperlipidemic properties may contribute to integrating plant-based therapies into existing cardiovascular treatment strategies, offering new opportunities for disease prevention and management. Objectives: The purpose of this observation was to investigate the antihyperlipidemic activity and discover the new cerebrovascular effects of sour cherry fruits. Results: Obtained data evidenced that cholesterol levels in blood samples after 7 days of fruit intake were decreased by 2.74±1.52% compared with baseline parameters (day 0). Continued sour cherry fruit intake for 14 days led to further reduction in cholesterol levels by 8.1±3.30%, nearly three times exceeding the reduction level registered on day 7. Assessment of sour cherry fruits on triglyceride levels showed a significant reduction on days 7 and 14 by 17.86 ± 5.57% and 21.01 ± 9.25%, respectively, compared to baseline. No notable changes were observed in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels following sour cherry fruit intake. In contrast, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels d…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Shamilyan Knarik
creator: Topchyan Hakob
creator: Zhamharyan Arusyak
creator: Poghosyan Varduhi
creator: Melkonyan Artur
creator: Avetyan Melina
creator: Balasanyan Marine
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-06
publication date: 2025-11-06
starting page: 808
ending page: 817
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i11.1790

Active medicinal-food homologous complex nutrients (AMCN) enhance immune systems in zebrafish
type: item
description: Background: Immunosuppression, whether caused by disease, stress, or medical treatments, compromises host defense by disrupting both innate and adaptive immune responses. Natural compounds such as Ganoderma lucidum, polygonatum, and mulberry leaves have long been used in traditional medicine for their immune-enhancing properties, yet their efficacy is often limited by low bioavailability. Biotransformation offers a promising approach to enhance the bioactivity of these medicinal-food homologous substances, but its potential in restoring immune function has not been fully explored. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate whether active medicinal-food homologous complex nutrients (AMCN) formulation containing Ganoderma lucidum, polygonatum, and mulberry leaf could restore immune function in an immunodeficient zebrafish model. Specifically, we aimed to evaluate its effects on both innate and adaptive immune cell populations, including neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells, as well as its ability to modulate key immune-related cytokines. Methods: AMCN was prepared by culturing Ganoderma lucidum mycelia, followed by enzymatic biotransformation with polygonatum and mulberry leaf powders and subsequent fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum. Transgenic zebrafish larvae were used as an in vivo model to evaluate immunomodulatory effects. Immune suppression was induced using cyclophosphamide, and larvae were exposed to AMCN to assess immune recovery. Changes in innate and adaptive immune cell populations and key cytokine expression were analyzed to determine the efficacy of AMCN. Results: AMCN treatment significantly restored immune cell populations in immunodeficient zebrafish, increasing neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells compared with the model group. It also upregulated key pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tnf-α, il-12a, and ifn-γ. Conclusion: AMCN effectively restores both innate and adaptive immune cell populations in an immunodeficient zebr…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Yinan Yuan
creator: Fuqiao Xu
creator: Heng Liu
creator: Xiaoze Ren
creator: Lan Yuan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-03
publication date: 2025-11-03
starting page: 796
ending page: 807
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i11.1782

Acceptability and tolerability of a Hibiscus sabdariffa L. beverage and effect on biomarkers of pregnant women: Phase I pilot trial
type: item
description: Background: Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HS) is a plant in the Malvaceae family, known as roselle, whose calyces contain compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Various studies have demonstrated its antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic, and glycemic control effects. During pregnancy, women also experience metabolic and biochemical changes that allow them to adapt to the development of a new human being. Among these metabolic changes are increased plasma concentrations of glucose and fatty acids, which can serve as substrates for fetal growth. However, if not adequately controlled, they can lead to gestational diabetes and dyslipidemia. One of the main complications of pregnancy is hypertensive disorders, which affect 10% of worldwide pregnancies and are the leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Objective: This work aimed to evaluate the acceptability and tolerability of a Hibiscus sabdariffa beverage and its effect on biomarkers in women in the second trimester of pregnancy. Methods: A four-week phase I pilot trial was conducted in women in their second trimester of pregnancy. Participants consumed a daily dose of HS beverage, which provides 9.6 mg of total anthocyanins, and several metabolic parameters were recorded (diastolic and systolic blood pressure, plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatinine concentrations, as well as urinary protein levels). Measurements were taken before the start of the trial and at the end of the 4 weeks following beverage consumption. Results: The protocol for this study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos. Ten women participated in the trial. Diastolic and systolic blood pressure values did not change significantly between the initial and final measurements. Plasma markers also showed no significant differences between the two measurements, although there was a slight decrease in glucose (from 80.5 ± 8.4 to 74.8 ± 9.6 mg/dL…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Victor Eduardo Alcantar-Rodríguez
creator: Perla Osorio-Díaz
creator: Edmundo González-Vargas
creator: Ruben Puga-Díaz
creator: Jesús Gutiérrez-Trujillo
creator: Jordi Saldo-Periago
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-11
publication date: 2025-11-11
starting page: 841
ending page: 853
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i11.1768

Expression ratio of PD-1 on the T cell surface and TGF-β levels in acute and chronic brucellosis: A marker of immune evasion
type: item
description: Background: Brucellosis is considered a zoonotic disease characterized by the ability of Brucella spp. to evade host immune responses and establish chronic infections. Key immune-regulatory molecules, such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and programmed death-1 (PD-1), may play a central role in this immune evasion. Objective: The present study had a gold target to compare the expression of PD-1 on CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, as well as serum levels of TGF-β level between patients with acute or chronic brucellosis relative to those in healthy controls. It also aimed to assess their prospective roles as immunological markers of advancing and persistent disease. Methods: In the present study, we recruited a total of 60 confirmed brucellosis patients , about 30 of both acute and chronic, as well as 30 healthy controls. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was reliant on the measurement of serum TGF-β levels, and flow cytometry assisted in the identification of PD-1 expression among CD4 ⁺ and CD8 ⁺ T cells. Correlation analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between TGF-β levels and PD-1 expression. Results: Patients with acute brucellosis exhibited significantly higher levels of PD-1 on CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes than that of chronic patients and healthy individuals (P < 0.05). Patients with chronic brucellosis also showed increased PD-1 levels compared with controls. No significant difference was found between both acute and chronic brucellosis stages but serum level of TGF-β in both cases differed significantly from control (P < 0.05). Plasma TGF-β was highly positively correlated with PD-1 expression (r = 0.99, P < 0.0001) indicating that they could act co-operatively to suppress immunity. Novelty: The present study sheds novel light on the immunological basis of brucellosis infection, especially about immune escape. It illustrates the correlation of PD-1 expression with TGF-β levels, as a biomarker for disease monitoring and also as a therapeutic…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Sarah Al-Zamali
creator: Iman Jallod
creator: Shahad Mohammed
creator: Sara Hassan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-16
publication date: 2025-10-16
starting page: 754
ending page: 768
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i10.1763

Clove bud extract inhibits glycation of bovine serum albumin: Insights from in vitro and molecular dynamics simulation analysis
type: item
description: Background: Glycation is a non-enzymatic reaction between amino groups within proteins and reducing sugars, leading to advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs can induce protein cross-linking and accumulate in various tissues. Their buildup contributes to complications associated with chronic disease. Although antiglycation agents like aminoguanidine are well documented, there is a significant need for more effective AGE inhibitors to address various pathogeneses and complications. Syzygium aromaticum, commonly known as clove, has several medicinal properties, including antimicrobial and antioxidant effects that contribute to reduced oxidative stress. However, its impact on glycation and related biochemical parameters has not been thoroughly investigated. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the impact of clove bud extract on BSA glycation and elucidate its mechanism of action through molecular simulations. Methods: The antiglycation effects of clove bud extract were evaluated by quantifying glycation-induced changes in BSA structure and aggregation following glucose-mediated glycation and subsequent treatment with varying extract concentrations. UV spectroscopy and fluorescence-based assays (Congo red and Thioflavin T) were used to assess these changes. At the same time, molecular docking and dynamics simulations explored the underlying molecular interactions between clove bud components and BSA. Results: The results demonstrated that clove bud extract at a 600 µg/ml concentration significantly decreased the browning intensity by 54.38%. When combined with glycated BSA, the extract reduced the aggregation index and mitigated glycation-induced alterations in BSA's secondary structure, indicating its potential to inhibit glycation and prevent AGE formation. Increasing the dosage of clove bud extract resulted in a decrease in Thioflavin T-specific fluorescence in the samples. Molecular docking studies revealed several compounds within the clove extract interac…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Saleh A Almatroodi Almatroodi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-10
publication date: 2025-11-10
starting page: 818
ending page: 840
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i11.1762

Regulation of a synbiotic herbal-probiotic formula (HBF) on alcohol metabolism in human: A randomized controlled trial
type: item
description: Background: Excessive alcohol intake is a global health concern. Short-term alcohol consumption can lead to unpleasant hangover experiences, while long-term excessive intake is associated with liver injury, neurological disorders, cancer, and various other diseases. Herbal and probiotic interventions have shown promise in modulating alcohol metabolism, but the effects of combined synbiotic formulas remain underexplored. Methods: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a novel herbal–probiotic formula (HBF), composed of Pueraria lobata (30%), Hovenia dulcis (30%), Lactobacillus rhamnosus Alcoker0067 (20%), and Lactobacillus plantarum ZQ15 (20%), on alcohol metabolism in healthy male volunteers. In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 20 participants were assigned to either the HBF or placebo group. Following HBF or placebo administration and subsequent alcohol consumption, blood samples were collected at multiple time points (0.5–8 h) to measure ethanol, acetaldehyde, and acetic acid concentrations, as well as ADH and ALDH activities. Liver function (ALT, AST), oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD, GPx), and inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β) were also evaluated. Results: HBF significantly (p < 0.05) accelerated ethanol clearance and enhanced serum ADH and ALDH activities at 0.5 and 1.5 h. Compared to the placebo group, HBF administration led to lower serum ethanol and MDA levels, elevated SOD activity, and reduced TNF-α and IL-1β concentrations, especially at 0.5 h and 3 h. ALT and AST levels were also decreased, indicating a hepatoprotective effect. Conclusion: The HBF formula effectively promotes alcohol metabolism and alleviates oxidative stress and inflammation associated with alcohol consumption, supporting its potential as a safe and effective anti-hangover intervention. Keywords: anti-hangover, alcohol, Pueraria lobata, Hovenia dulcis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus Alcoker0067, Lactobacillus plantarum ZQ15.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Chenxiang Sun
creator: Feng Li
creator: Hongyan Zhao
creator: Pinfeng Zhang
creator: Yingxin Zhang
creator: Lulu Jiang
creator: Tingting Zhao
creator: Lishui Chen
creator: Qiang Li
creator: Donglei Lin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 688
ending page: 700
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i10.1762

Apricot leaf: A new source of bioactive compounds – an overview
type: item
description: Background: Growing awareness of the health benefits of functional foods has fueled interest in products rich in bioactive compounds. Fruits and berries are well-established sources of phytochemicals such as polyphenols, terpenes, pectin, fiber, minerals, and vitamins. More recently, plant leaves have emerged as promising alternative reservoirs of these bioactive compounds. Several berry leaves are already included in the European Commission’s Novel Food Catalogue or are traditionally consumed in herbal teas. Within this context, the leaves of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) represent a valuable yet largely underexplored resource. Objectives: This review summarizes current knowledge on the biochemical composition, phytochemical diversity, and health-promoting effects of apricot leaves, highlighting their potential applications in functional foods and natural health products. Results: Apricot leaves contain abundant polyphenols, flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, essential oils, and vital macro- and microelements. Key phenolic compounds include chlorogenic acid, catechin, rutin, and naringin, while condensed tannins dominate the tannin fraction. ORAC, ABTS, FRAP, and chemiluminescent assays confirm strong free-radical-scavenging capacity. Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid exhibit anti-obesity effects through pancreatic lipase and COX-1 inhibition. Essential oils rich in phytol show notable antioxidant and neuroprotective activity, including acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Apricot leaf extracts display hepatoprotective, antimicrobial (notably against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium), and antifungal properties without cytotoxicity. Minerals such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc further enhance their nutritional value. Conclusions: With their rich phytochemical and mineral profile, apricot leaves offer promising applications in herbal teas, oral care, skincare, and as natural flavoring agents…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Anna Grigoryan
creator: Ruzanna Hanisyan
creator: Varsik Mirzoyan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-15
publication date: 2025-10-15
starting page: 737
ending page: 753
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i10.1760

Genetic Changes In Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Induced by High Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Soil
type: item
description: Background: Heavy metal contamination poses a significant environmental threat in developing regions such as the Syunik Province of Armenia, where agricultural lands coexist with metal mining operations. Heavy metals are genotoxic, therefore, the study of genetic changes in wild and cultivated edible plants here is essential for evaluating the safety of traditional plant-based foods (“zhengyal,” honey, herbal teas, etc.). Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) is notable for its use in traditional diets and the accumulation of micronutrients. Thus, it’s prospective for both environmental monitoring and functional food development. Context and purpose of this study: The relation between heavy metal contamination of environment and DNA polymorphisms of T. officinale from Syunik, Armenia was studied. Results: Significant genetic variation was observed among the samples, with the highest polymorphism (95.46%) in Artsvanik Village and the lowest (73.24%) in Ttujur District. Increased soil concentrations of Fe and Mn were correlated with greater DNA polymorphism, suggesting a higher mutation rate in contaminated areas. These results point to a direct relationship between heavy metal exposure and genome instability in dandelion plants. Conclusions: Significant genetic changes were observed in samples from all surveyed locations in Syunik. T. officinale is able to accumulate heavy metals and may be used in ecotoxicological and remediation research as bio-indicator. Also, it could be recommended for further research as potential source for bioactive supplements and functional foods elaboration with diuretic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and immunomodulatory properties. Keywords: Taraxacum officinale, food safety, heavy metals, soil contamination, PCR, polymorphism
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Bella Babayan
creator: Alexander Yesayan
creator: Garegin Sevoyan
creator: Tigran Yesayan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-16
publication date: 2025-09-16
starting page: 625
ending page: 633
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i9.1753

The effect of different growth conditions on the content of bioactive compounds and gross β-radioactivity of some wild edible plants in the Republic of Armenia
type: item
description: Background: Nowadays, people prefer using edible plants over synthetic drugs for the prevention and treatment of diseases. These plants are rich in bioactive compounds (BC), such as vitamins, carotenoids, proteins, carbohydrates, organic acids, flavonoids, tannins, and more. Humans have used them for thousands of years as both food and medicine. Through the rational use of edible plants, people aim to enhance the body’s immunity and prevent diseases. In this context, the need to obtain edible plants that are both rich in BC and radioecologically safe has become an urgent concern. Objective: To identify the optimal conditions for obtaining BC-rich radioecologically safe plant products, we studied the comparative characteristics of BC (protein, tannins, flavonoids) content and their gross β-radioactivity in several wild edible plants-WEP (sickleweed - Falcaria vulgaris Bernh., eryngium - Eryngium caucasicum Trautv., and rhubarb - Rheum rhabarbarum L.) under outdoor hydroponics and soil cultivation conditions. The research was conducted at the Institute of Hydroponics Problems (IHP) in the Ararat Valley; an area located within a 30 km radius of the Armenian Nuclear Power Plant (ANNP). Methods: Total protein content was assessed using the Kjeldahl method, and tannin content was determined using a titrimetric method, while the total flavonoid content was quantified using a spectrophotometric method. Gross β-radioactivity of samples was defined with radiochemical methods through the radiometer UMF-1500 with low background. Results: The cultivation method (hydroponics, soil) did not significantly affect the content of total flavonoids and tannins in sickleweed leaves. In hydroponics, the protein content in sickleweed increased by 1.3 times, while the flavonoid content in eryngium leaves and the tannin content were 1.2 times higher than those in soil-grown plants. The concentration of the nutrient solution (0.75N, 1.0N, 1.25N) significantly affected the flavonoid and tannin…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Laura Ghalachyan
creator: Mahsa Daryadar
creator: Artur Matevosyan
creator: Hamid Roosta
creator: Mansour Ghorbanpour
creator: Aristakes Ghahramanyan
creator: Anjelika Stepanyan
creator: Anna Tadevosyan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-05
publication date: 2025-09-05
starting page: 596
ending page: 609
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i9.1748

https://www.ffhdj.com/index.php/ffhd/article/view/1747
type: item
title: Integrative effects of an oral supplement mixture containing melon, yeast extract, and licorice on skin pigmentation reduction: Insights from a zebrafish model and a randomized double-blind controlled pilot human trial
description: Introduction: Intrinsic aging (e.g., genetic and metabolic changes) and extrinsic factors (e.g., sun exposure and environmental pollution) contribute to skin pigmentation and aged facial appearance. Plant extracts, known for their antioxidant properties, may influence skin pigmentation both directly and indirectly through pigment metabolism in the liver, potentially mitigating the effects of aging. Objective: This study investigates the effects of a mixture of melon, yeast extract, and licorice (Mix) oral supplement on liver metabolism and skin pigmentation. Methods: A zebrafish model of chemical liver injury was established using acetaminophen (APAP). Liver and yolk sac areas were analyzed, and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) activity and total bilirubin content were measured to assess the supplement’s protective effects. Additionally, a zebrafish pigmentation model was induced with menadione, and yolk sac pigmentation intensity was analyzed. A pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted with 22 healthy female volunteers randomly assigned to either the experimental or placebo group. Participants consumed 700 mg of the mixture (Mix) daily for 8 weeks. Skin brightness (L*), yellowness (b*), individual typology angle (ITA°), and melanin index (MI) were measured using a skin colorimeter (CL 400), melanin meter (MX 18), and VISIA 7 at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks. Results: In the zebrafish liver injury model, the mixture group（Mix Group）showed a significant increase in liver surface area, a decrease in yolk sac area, increased UGT1A1 activity, and reduced total bilirubin levels compared to the model control group. In the zebrafish pigmentation model, yolk sac pigmentation intensity was lower in the mixture group（Mix Group）. The pilot human trial demonstrated that participants taking the mixture (Mix) experienced significant improvements in skin brightness (L*) and ITA°, along with reductions in skin yellowne…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Jiani Zheng
creator: Jing Sun
creator: Xinyi Zeng
creator: Danyang Yu
creator: Peng Chen
creator: Weiguo Zhang
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-05
publication date: 2025-09-05
starting page: 577
ending page: 595
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i9.1747

Novel functional confectionery: incorporating blueberry extract for nutritional enhancement and quality improvement
type: item
description: Background: Blueberries are renowned for their rich composition of beneficial ingredients, including essential organic acids such as citric, lactic, malic, and succinic acids. They also contain numerous vital minerals essential for normal physiological functioning, such as iron, potassium, manganese, copper, sulfur, phosphorus, chromium, and zinc, with manganese content being particularly exceptional among plants. Furthermore, these berries provide carotene (a precursor to vitamin A), B vitamins, vitamin C, vitamin PP, and tannins. They are particularly rich in flavonoids, which are potent natural antioxidants. Literature shows the beneficial role of blueberries and blueberry extract in human consumption, highlighting their importance in promoting a healthy diet. However, blueberry by-products in confectionery production remain widely underutilized. Characterizing this opportunity to enhance confectionery products with functional food qualities may significantly improve the nutritional profile of flour-based products, such as muffins. Evaluating different qualitative doses can help optimize health benefits while supporting the development of a novel category of functional muffins. Objective: This research aimed to utilize blueberry extract as a functional ingredient for the development of a novel confectionery product. A key objective was to scientifically substantiate the positive effects of this extract on the chemical composition and overall quality of cupcakes. One of the main objectives of this study is to increase the content of essential minerals in food through the addition of blueberry extract and, by doing so, increase its functional properties. Materials and Methods: Blueberry samples were sourced from the Aparan region, where preliminary studies revealed a high concentration of valuable compounds within them. Subsequent investigations focused on determining comparative indicators of quality and anthocyanin content in fresh fruit extracts via direct spect…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Slavik Dadayan
creator: Lilit Arstamyan
creator: Danik Martirosyan
creator: Аsya Badalyan
creator: Hegine Mkhitaryan
creator: Syuzanna Abrahamyan
creator: Kristine Khanamiryan
creator: Galust Petrosyan
creator: Liana Grigoryan
creator: Valery Grigoryan
creator: Armen Solomonyan
creator: Ani Dadayan
creator: Narine Hovhannisyan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-19
publication date: 2025-08-19
starting page: 551
ending page: 560
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i8.1746

Yeast whey-enriched bread: nutritional profile and potential functional relevance
type: item
description: Background: Microorganisms are an innovative biotechnological option for creating new yeast whey-enriched bread. Products obtained with the help of microorganisms can have a beneficial effect on human health and be successfully used in the food industry, as well as in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical fields. The biotechnological potential of yeast and lactic acid bacteria is confirmed by their wide application in the fermentation of food products. At the same time, autochthonous strains in different matrices often demonstrate higher functional and technological indicators, which justify the microbiological perspective of their potential use in obtaining yeast whey-enriched bread. In this regard, it is of interest to study the potential of autochthonous cultures of yeast and lactic acid bacteria of ttkhmor - bread sourdough used in Armenia since ancient times. Objective: The study aims to isolate indigenous yeasts from ttkhmor and explore their potential for developing prototype of enriched bread for health. Novelty: This work advances prototype of enriched bread development by leveraging a two-stage co-cultivation of indigenous yeast and lactic acid bacteria in whey, yielding high yeast biomass and improving shelf life and spoilage resistance versus commercial yeast controls—while maintaining comparable physicochemical quality. The approach links sustainable whey valorization with measurable technological and nutritional benefits. Methods: Samples of ttkhmor and handicraft production dough were collected from rural areas of Armenia. Yeast α-glucosidase activity was determined in Yeletsky gasometric device. The nutritional value of bakery products was researched by analyzing the amino acid composition of yeast strain proteins. The quality indicators of bread were studied by physicochemical parameters. Sensory assessment of bread quality was carried out by closed tasting of the samples under study. Results: More than 150 ttkhmor samples were collected from differe…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Valeri Bagiyan
creator: Anna Zakoyan
creator: Arshaluys Verdyan
creator: Narine Ghazanchyan
creator: Marina Kinosyan
creator: Tamara Davidyan
creator: Baghish Harutyunyan
creator: Susanna Hovhannisyan
creator: Tigran Soghomonyan
creator: Vigen Goginyan
creator: Avetis Tsaturyan
creator: Karine Chitchyan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Valeri Bagiyan, Anna Zakoyan, Arshaluys Verdyan, Narine Ghazanchyan, Marina Kinosyan, Tamara Davidyan, Baghish Harutyunyan, Susanna Hovhannisyan, Tigran Soghomonyan, Vigen Goginyan, Avetis Tsaturyan, Karine Chitchyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-12
publication date: 2025-11-12
starting page: 854
ending page: 866
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i11.1745

Enhancing the functional value of watermelon through study of bioactive compounds and grafting potential in Armenia
type: item
description: Background: Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) is a nutritionally valuable fruit, rich in bioactive compounds such as lycopene, β-carotene, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, citrulline, cucurbitacin, vitamins (B, A, C), and essential minerals. These components contribute to numerous health benefits, including antibacterial, anti-atherosclerotic, cardiovascular protective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. This makes watermelon increasingly significant both nutritionally and economically. In Armenia, watermelon is a highly demanded crop; however, its cultivation in the Armavir Marz is frequently challenged by biotic and abiotic stresses, resulting in wilting and yield reduction. Grafting technology offers an effective and environmentally friendly solution to enhance yield, improve fruit quality, and increase resistance to various stresses. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of grafting on watermelon yield, disease resistance, and the content of key bioactive compounds, with the goal of enhancing its functional value. Methods: Seven watermelon F1 hybrids (ES75077, ES75095, ES75111, ES75126, ES75127, ES75169, ES75171) were used as scions and grafted onto the bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) rootstock ES101 from the Ergon Seed Company using the tongue approach. Throughout the growing season, phenological observations and yield component assessments were conducted. The content of ascorbic acid (AA), total phenolic content (TPC), lycopene, and sugars was determined spectrophotometrically. The presence of Fusarium oxysporum was detected using real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) to quantify infection rates and assess the resistance of grafted combinations. All experimental data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA. Results: Grafting significantly increased the productivity of all watermelon varieties, up to 2.1 times compared to non-grafted plants. The most notable increases were observed in variants ES75…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Gayane Martirosyan
creator: Alvina Avagyan
creator: Ravza Mavlyanova
creator: Gayane Sargsyan
creator: Zara Harutunyan
creator: Hasmik Terteryan
creator: Aregnaz Nazaretyan
creator: Gagik Santrosyan
creator: Iryna Vardanian
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-15
publication date: 2025-08-15
starting page: 540
ending page: 550
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i8.1744

Production of citric acid from fermentation solution by cultivation Aspergillus niger-1 strain on an extract obtained from topinambur (Helianthus tuberosus) artichoke tubers
type: item
description: Background: Citric acid is an organic hydroxycarboxylic tribasic acid. It is widely distributed in plants: in berries, citrus fruits, for example, in lemons, up to 9% of dry weight. Citric acid is used in many industrial processes, but it is most frequently used as a flavoring ingredient and preservative in food products. Because of its beneficial antioxidant properties, citric acid helps control acidity and aids in digestion. Citric acid is traditionally produced by microbiological synthesis using beet molasses as the primary raw material during the metabolism of the producer strain Aspergillus niger-1. Objective: Nowadays, the microbial synthesis of citric acid also depends on the utilization of readily available and reasonably priced products as raw materials. This study reports on the biosynthesis of citric acid by the producer strain Aspergillus niger-1 on an extract derived from the tubers of the Jerusalem artichoke plant that contains inulin. Currently, the synthesis of citric acid with microbes is also associated with the use of readily available products as raw materials. This study describes the biosynthesis of citric acid during the growth of the producer strain Aspergillus niger-1 on an extract derived from Jerusalem artichoke tubers and containing inulin. Methods: To prepare the extract, water was added to the crushed Jerusalem artichoke tubers in a ratio of 1:2. The inulin content in the extract was determined spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 490 nm. Fungi were grown on a shaker for submerged cultivation for seven days. HPLC and neutralization methods were used to determine the concentration of citric acid in the samples. Results: After a series of treatments, 2.0 liters of aqueous extract were obtained from crushed Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) tubers, which contained about 6.5–7.0% inulin. On the fifth day of culture development, the fungus fermentation solution had the highest concentration of citric acid (5.8%), of which 4.3% …
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Inna Melkumyan
creator: Baghish Harutyunyan
creator: Luiza Manukyan
creator: Samvel Stepanyan
creator: Gohar Oganezova
creator: Nelly Avetisyan
creator: Marina Melkumyan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-23
publication date: 2025-09-23
starting page: 658
ending page: 668
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i9.1741

Comparison of the antihypertensive effect of maguey (Agave salmiana) sap concentrate extracts by in vitro and in vivo tests
type: item
description: Introduction: The use of antihypertensive drugs causes side effects that lead to treatment discontinuation; therefore, plants containing polyphenols and saponins represent a viable alternative. Previous studies indicate that maguey sap concentrate (SC) contains these bioactive compounds. The objective of this study was to compare the antihypertensive effect of maguey SC extracts through in vitro and in vivo tests. Methods: In the in vitro study, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition was measured with butanolic and methanolic extracts of SC (100-250 ppm). For the in vivo tests, 48 male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: negative control (C), positive control (E): enalapril (25 mg/kg/day), BE1 and BE2: butanolic extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg/day) and ME1 and ME2: methanolic extracts (500 and 750 mg/kg/day). Their blood pressure was measured once a week for 28 days. In addition, blood samples were taken to determine glucose, creatinine, C-reactive protein, cholesterol, sodium potassium, calcium, and platelet count. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed, and their livers, kidneys, and hearts were preserved for histopathological analysis. Results: Both extracts showed ACE inhibition greater than 90%. All treatments, except C, showed a decrease in blood pressure at 28 days; however, the ME2 treatment had an effect like that of enalapril (P>0.05). Blood test results showed an increase in glucose levels, although within normal parameters, C-reactive protein levels are outside or above the maximum allowed limit except in those treated with enalapril. This research demonstrates for the first time the antihypertensive effect of methanolic and butanolic extracts obtained from maguey sap concentrate, opening the possibility of using them in the production of functional foods, as well as promoting the production and consumption of maguey sap, adding value to this natural resource. Conclusion: The results of this study introduce the possibility of f…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Bethsua Mendoza Mendoza
creator: Ana Guadalupe Estrada Fernández
creator: Zuli Guadalupe Calderon
creator: Georgina Almaguer Vargas
creator: Ernesto Alanís García
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 669
ending page: 687
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i10.1733

Evaluation and comparative studies of the dissolution profiles of gummi armeniacae and PVP-containing Acetaminophen tablets
type: item
description: Background: Prunus armeniaca gum is a functional food ingredient with beneficial antioxidant properties. As a natural polymer, like different gums, it possesses high binding capacity as well as other pleasing properties like preservatives, fillers, and sustained release. The usage of apricot gum as a food and pharmacy formulation additive provides a more economical option than synthetic polymers like polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Gummi Armeniacae, similar to Gummi Arabica, is widely used as an excipient in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Objectives: This study aimed to formulate 50 mg acetaminophen tablets using either Gummi Armeniacae or PVP as a binder and compare their dissolution profiles in different media. Methods: For research purposes, the purified and standardized Gummi Armeniaca collected from the Arzni region was used. Acetaminophen 50 mg, and the PVP or Gummi Armeniacae as a binder, containing tablets, were produced at the “Arpimed” Pharmaceutical LLC. The characterization of the obtained tablets was conducted according to the tablet's USP quality requirements. The dissolution profiles of Acetaminophen 50 mg tablets were carried out according to WHO Guidance (the paddle speed was 75 rpm, the temperature was 37±0.5°C, and the dissolution media volume was 900 mL) in three dissolution media with pH 1.2, 4.5, and 6.8. Results: At Arpimed Pharmaceutical Company, two series of 50 mg Acetaminophen tablets with two different compositions were produced (PVP K30 and standardized powder of Gummi Armeniacae). The results of general tablet quality testing procedures, including average mass, uniformity of mass, thickness, diameter, assay, friability, and disintegration time, corresponded to USP requirements. PVP and Gummi Armeniacae containing Acetaminophen 50 mg tablets exhibited high solubility in three different (pH 1.2, 4.5, 6.8) dissolution media (≥85% of the labeled amount of drug in 30 minutes). Furthermore, the comparative dissolution profile study indic…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Lianna Pstikyan
creator: Bagrat Yenokyan
creator: Hovhannes Ghazaryan
creator: Felanna Sargsyan
creator: Ani Ghazaryan
creator: Arusyak Zhamharyan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-11
publication date: 2025-10-11
starting page: 728
ending page: 736
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i10.1732

Isolation and identification of the active compounds found in aromatic oils extracted from Mentha longifolia and their use in the extension shelf life of frozen beef patties
type: item
description: Background: Wild mint is a perennial herb from the mint family, native to Europe. It is considered beneficial to the human body, as it has long been used to treat many diseases and problems that affect humans. For thousands of years, medicinal herbs and plants have been used to treat various types of diseases and to improve health care for individuals. Objective: The study aimed to demonstrate the effect of using Mentha longifolia, as it is a substance rich in essential fatty acids, tocopherols, and flavonoids, as effective natural antioxidants and antimicrobials, and its inclusion in food manufacturing, such as the manufacture of meat products such as burgers. Materials and Methods: Our main goal was to use Mentha longifolia, extracted from the Stachys plant using a Clevenger apparatus, and a standardized burger mix was prepared from it. The mixture was divided into four treatments, with Mentha longifolia (T2, T3, and T4) added at 1, 2, and 3% oil, respectively, in addition to the control treatment, T1, without any addition. Microbial tests were conducted on burger patty samples for all treatments before freezing. The treatments were stored at -18°C for 60 days, and tests were performed twice a month. Results: The results of estimating fatty acids using GC-MS technology confirmed that Mentha longifolia contained reasonable amounts of some essential fatty acids. Examining flavonoid content using HPLC showed that Mentha longifolia contains 38 compounds, the most important of which are Caffeic Acid, 4-Hydroxy, Quercetin, and Apigenin. The logarithm of the total numbers of aerobic bacteria, refrigeration bacteria, and staphylococci reached 5.56-5.69, 1.47-1.60, and 4.39-4.44 / g, freezing for 60 days led to a decrease in these values, and the severity of the decline was directly proportional to the percentage of adding Mentha longifolia. Treatments T3 and T4 recorded the lowest values compared to the control treatment. Statistical analysis revealed that the results wer…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Sari Hussien
creator: Suhair Hussein
creator: Firas Ismael
creator: Bilal Khashan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-18
publication date: 2025-09-18
starting page: 634
ending page: 645
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i9.1731

https://www.ffhdj.com/index.php/ffhd/article/view/1726
type: item
title: Development of a waste-free technology for comprehensive processing of Cornus mas (dogwood) fruits: Production of natural viscous extract and medical suppositories with potential anti-hemorrhoidal activity
description: Background: Cornus mas (dogwood) is well known for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, making it a promising candidate for hemorrhoid treatment. Traditional medicine recommends consuming dogwood with seeds due to their oil content, which provides lubrication and alleviates symptoms such as pain, itching, and bleeding. Scientific medicine shows particular interest in ripe fruits and dogwood seeds for their ability to strengthen local immunity and aid in treating early-stage hemorrhoids. This growing interest has increased demand for multifunctional products such as biologically enriched nutraceuticals that combine therapeutic and preventive effects, necessitating precise qualitative and quantitative enrichment with bioactive compounds. Objective: The development of an advanced technology designed to fulfill the criteria for the isolation and preservation of biologically active substances in their native form, as well as for the production of medicinal formulations based on them, remains relevant. Highly efficient methods for isolating fatty acids and anthocyanins without changing native structures and with high chemical yields (≥ 90%) and purified from mineral salts will be developed. Optimal conditions for obtaining medical suppositories based on isolated native BAS will be selected. Methods: The qualitative and quantitative determination of fatty acid composition via gas chromatography was conducted. The elemental analysis of the seeds and pulp was performed using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (Agilent 5800 VDV ICP-OES) and the total anthocyanins content in the viscous extract was estimated by spectrophotometric method. The production of medicinal suppositories was carried out using the fusion-molding method. Results: A waste-free technology for complex utilization of dogwood fruits has been formulated, allowing the production of natural dogwood viscous extract, as well as mixtures of anthocyanins and fatty acids from prima…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Slavik Dadayan
creator: Artavazd Poghosyan
creator: Lilit Arstamyan
creator: Ani Chakhoyan
creator: Gohar Mkrtchyan
creator: Anahit Hovhannisyan
creator: Narine Hovhannisyan
creator: Ani Dadayan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-06
publication date: 2025-09-06
starting page: 610
ending page: 624
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i9.1726

Nodule bacteria and cyanobacterial symbionts: Biological drivers of sustainable crop production and healthy nutrition
type: item
description: Background: Chemical fertilizers negatively impact soil health and biodiversity, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable biological alternatives. Nodule-forming bacteria are well recognized for their ability to establish symbiotic associations with leguminous crops, enabling biological nitrogen fixation and promoting environmentally sustainable agriculture. At the same time, legumes represent a cornerstone of functional food science, providing high-quality proteins, bioactive compounds, and micronutrients essential for human health. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of co-inoculating legume crops with native strains of nodule bacteria and cyanobacteria on plant growth in humus-deficient soils, yield performance, grain nutritional quality, and their potential contribution to functional food development. Methods: Field trials were conducted using pea, soybean, and peanut crops inoculated with microbial consortia comprising symbiotic nodule bacteria (Rhizobium leguminosarum, Bradyrhizobium arachidis, B. japonicum) and cyanobacteria (Nostoc PCC 7807, Arthrospira platensis). Key agronomic parameters, including biometric traits, pod and seed weight, nodulation efficiency, grain protein content, and yield components, were measured and subjected to statistical analysis under humus-deficient soil conditions. Results: Co-inoculation significantly enhanced plant performance across all tested crops. Peanut pod weight increased by up to 120%, while soybean nodulation improved by 60% compared to the uninoculated control. Grain protein content increased by 3–7%, with improved amino acid balance, directly strengthening the functional food value of legumes. Total yield rose by as much as 67%, highlighting the strong synergistic potential of microbial consortia for sustainable crop production and nutritionally enriched food sources. Novelty: This study presents a novel biofertilizer formulation combining four functionally distinct bacterial taxa with nitrogen-f…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Seda Harutyunyan
creator: Gayane Khachatryan
creator: Tamara Stepanyan
creator: Vigen Goginyan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-08
publication date: 2025-10-08
starting page: 712
ending page: 727
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i10.1718

Effects of Ginger Extract Powder E on attention as a Cognitive Function: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled parallel study
type: item
description: Background/Objectives: Ginger Extract Powder E is a heat-processed ginger preparation enriched in 6-shogaol.. It has been reported to reduce fatigue caused by desk workload, as well as eye fatigue and shoulder stiffness. However, there is a lack of research investigating the effects of Ginger Extract Powder E on cognitive function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Ginger Extract Powder E intake on cognitive function after Visual Display Terminal (VDT) work in healthy adults who experienced eye fatigue and reduced concentration during the task. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted on 88 healthy adult male and female aged 21 to 73 years. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either a test food containing Ginger Extract Powder E (100 mg) or a placebo daily for 12 weeks. Participants were assessed at weeks 0 and 12 using Cognitrax and the critical flicker-fusion frequency after 60 minutes of VDT work. Results: At 12 weeks of intervention, the primary outcome—Complex Attention score on the Cognitrax assessment—was significantly higher in the Ginger Extract Powder E group compared with the placebo group, with values exceeding the mean. Conclusions: The results suggest that continuous intake of Ginger Extract Powder E prevents attention decline induced by VDT work and helps maintain concentration. Additionally, no adverse events were observed under the conditions of this study, and there were no safety issues. Trial registration: jRCT 1030240208 Keywords: Ginger extract; VDT work; attention; concentration; cognitive function
subject: Clinical Trial
  topic: section
creator: Naoki Nakamura
creator: Yuichi Sano
creator: Naoko Suzuki
creator: Tsuyoshi Takara
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-18
publication date: 2025-09-18
starting page: 646
ending page: 657
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i9.1714

Effects of seabuckthorn juice consumption on erythropoietin production, fatigue, and quality of life in women: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study
type: item
description: Background: Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) has attracted interest for mitigating transient fatigue, but clinical evidence remains limited. Although a few preliminary reports suggest potential benefits for fatigue and quality of life, high-quality clinical data are scarce: prior studies have often been small, nonrandomized or open-label, short in duration, and used heterogeneous endpoints with a risk of bias, and preregistered RCTs are rare. This study aimed to address these gaps. Objective: To evaluate the effects of seabuckthorn juice on fatigue and quality of life (QOL) in premenopausal women and to explore a mechanistic link via erythropoietin (EPO) induction. Methods: We conducted an 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial to evaluate the anti-fatigue and quality-of-life effects of seabuckthorn juice. Sixty healthy premenopausal women (20–50 years) with stable menstrual cycles, desk-bound jobs, and transient fatigue with decreased vitality were randomized 1:1 to seabuckthorn juice or a matched control juice. The primary endpoint was Profile of Mood States 2 (POMS2) scores. Secondary endpoints included hematologic indices (hemoglobin [Hb], ferritin, iron-binding capacity), serum erythropoietin (EPO), visual analog scale (VAS) fatigue after a Kraepelin test load, and Stress Response Scale-18 (SRS-18). A mechanistic in-vitro substudy tested isorhamnetin (a seabuckthorn flavonol) for EPO induction in HepG2 cells. Results: Compared with placebo, seabuckthorn juice significantly improved POMS2 outcomes at week 8, showing lower Total Mood Disturbance, fatigue-related scores, higher vitality/energy, and friendliness subscales. Hematologic endpoints favored seabuckthorn: ferritin, Hb, and EPO were significantly higher at weeks 4 and 8, with greater changes from baseline versus placebo. VAS-rated fatigue after the Kraepelin task was significantly reduced in the seabuckthorn group at weeks 4 and 8. In vitro, isorhamnetin increased…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Yang Jianbiao
creator: Moritsune Sofue
creator: Naomi Sakamoto
creator: Masako Matsumoto
creator: Wang Duanyang
creator: Maki Nagata
creator: Kuniyoshi Shimizu
creator: Shiori Tanaka
creator: Shigenori Nibun
creator: Ryuji Takeda
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-23
publication date: 2025-10-23
starting page: 769
ending page: 782
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i10.1710

Volatile signatures and antioxidant potentials of white mugwort (Artemisia lactiflora) extracts in emulsions: The influence of pH on functionality and stability
type: item
description: Background: White mugwort (Artemisia lactiflora), a medicinal plant native to several Asian countries, is known for its antioxidant-rich compounds and aromatic volatiles, making it a promising natural additive in food and cosmetic emulsions. However, its stability and effectiveness can be influenced by environmental factors, especially pH. Objective: This study investigated the volatile compound composition and antioxidant efficiency of white mugwort in its fresh and dried forms under different pH conditions (3, 5, and 7), with the aim of exploring its potential as a natural antioxidant in oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. Methods: Volatile compounds were analyzed using GC-MS. The antioxidant efficiency of white mugwort extract was evaluated in O/W emulsions at different concentrations (200, 400, and 600 ppm) and compared with BHT and α-tocopherol (both at 200 ppm) using peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assays. Results: Volatile compounds were analyzed by GC-MS, identifying 31 compounds in fresh samples and 34 in dried samples. Drying at 50 °C for 24 hours caused reductions in several key volatiles, including β-Myrcene, β-cis-Ocimene, 3-Carene, and γ-Gurjunene. Conversely, compounds such as Santolina triene, Caryophyllene, and Bicyclosesquiphellandrene increased, indicating thermal degradation and chemical conversion during drying. pH significantly influenced the volatile profiles. These findings highlight the role of pH-driven chemical reactions in aroma stability. The antioxidant study showed that antioxidant efficiency increased with higher extract concentrations. Extracts at pH 3 and 5 demonstrated stronger antioxidant activity than those at pH 7, evidenced by longer lag times in lipid hydroperoxide formation and lower TBARS values. This pH-dependent behavior was not observed with BHT or α-tocopherol, suggesting a unique interaction between white mugwort phenolics and the emulsion interface. Novelty: This study provides novel i…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Ketinun Kittipongpittaya
creator: Atikorn Panya
creator: Natthaporn Phonsatta
creator: Premsak Puangploy
creator: Kittipat Aoumtes
creator: Pennapa Sangpetch
creator: Nattathida Puangsawai
creator: Pimvalee Wongkasikorn
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-03
publication date: 2025-09-03
starting page: 561
ending page: 576
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i9.1706

Polysaccharides from split gill mushrooms (Schizophyllum commune Fr.) improve glucose metabolism and reduce muscleinflammation in a rat model of type 2 diabetes
type: item
description: Background: Chronic hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) contributes to muscle inflammation and impaired glucose metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of polysaccharides extracted from Schizophyllum commune Fr. (split gill mushroom) on glucose metabolism and muscle inflammation in a rat model of insulin resistance. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normal diet (ND), ND with 240 mg/kg body weight (BW) S. commune polysaccharides (ND240), high-fat diet-induced diabetic rats (HFD+DM), HFD+DM treated with S. commune polysaccharides (HFD+S240), and HFD+DM treated with metformin (HFD+Met). Blood glucose levels were monitored weekly for eight weeks. Muscle tissues were then collected for histological staining, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy to assess inflammation markers (TNF-α, IL-1β) and expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R). Results: Rats in the HFD+DM group exhibited elevated blood glucose levels, increased inflammation, and reduced GLUT4 and GLP-1R expression. Treatment with S. commune polysaccharides significantly lowered blood glucose levels, reduced inflammatory markers, and restored the expression of GLUT4 and GLP-1R, with results comparable to metformin-treated rats. Conclusions: These findings suggest that S. commune polysaccharides may ameliorate hyperglycemia-induced muscle inflammation and enhance insulin sensitivity, supporting their potential as a natural therapeutic candidate for managing T2DM. Novelty: This study demonstrates, for the first time, that polysaccharides extracted from Schizophyllum commune Fr. (split gill mushroom) significantly reduce muscle inflammation and improve glucose metabolism in a high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. The crude extract restored GLUT4 and GLP-1 receptor expression, decreased TNF-α and IL-1β levels, and preserved muscle fiber architecture, as confir…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Wipapan Khimmaktong
creator: Udomlak Matsathit
creator: Supada Nuinamwong
creator: Decha Sermwittayawong
creator: Patranis Chubuathong
creator: Yaowapa Sukpondma
creator: Nisaudah Radenahmad
creator: Manaras Komolkriengkrai
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-07
publication date: 2025-08-07
starting page: 519
ending page: 539
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i8.1705

Precise nutritional modulation of cancer biomarkers through the employment of functional foods and bioactive compounds
type: item
description: Cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, prompting growing interest in preventive strategies that target early molecular changes. Functional foods (FFs), defined as bioactive-rich dietary components with health-promoting properties, have emerged as promising modulators of cancer-related biomarkers. This article reviews clinical and preclinical evidence on the influence of FFs and food bioactive compounds(FBCs) on key biomarkers, such as including HER2, Ki-67, PSA, and CEA, across various cancer types. Mechanistic insights reveal that these dietary compounds exert their effects through epigenetic modulation, anti-inflammatory signaling, reduction of oxidative stress, and regulation of apoptosis and the gut microbiome. Applications of these findings extend to biomarker-based early detection, dietary chemoprevention, and personalized nutrition strategies. However, limitations such as biomarker specificity, variable bioavailability, and a lack of long-term randomized trials continue to hinder clinical translation. Future directions emphasize the need for integrated omics approaches, development of multi-marker panels, and personalized dietary interventions supported by novel delivery systems. FFs hold significant promise in oncology, but rigorous, longitudinal studies are essential to validate their role in cancer prevention and precision medicine. Novelty: This article uniquely synthesizes current clinical and preclinical evidence linking FFs and BCs to specific cancer-related biomarkers, while emphasizing mechanistic pathways and translational challenges. It further proposes integrated omics-based strategies and personalized nutrition approaches to enhance biomarker-guided cancer prevention, —an area that remains underexplored in current literature. Keywords: Functional foods, Bioactive Compounds, cancer biomarkers, chemoprevention, epigenetics, metabolomics, personalized nutrition, sulforaphane, bioavailability, dietary intervention, early…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Jacqueline McCarthy
creator: Danik Martirosyan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Functional Foods in Health and Disease https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-07-19
publication date: 2025-07-19
starting page: 396
ending page: 414
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i7.1686

https://www.ffhdj.com/index.php/ffhd/article/view/1684
type: item
title: Clinical assessment of CL22209, a standardized proprietary extract of Asparagus racemosus, for mitigating vasomotor and menstrual symptoms in perimenopausal women: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
description: Background: Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) and menstrual discomfort are prevalent and distressing manifestations during the menopausal transition in women, significantly impairing the quality of life (QoL). Asparagus racemosus Willd. (family: Asparagaceae) (Shatavari), a revered Rasayana herb in Ayurvedic medicine, has long been used to support female reproductive health. Objective: We investigated the therapeutic potential of CL22209, a standardized A racemosus root extract, in early perimenopausal women. Precisely, it assessed the extract’s ability to alleviate vasomotor symptoms, menstrual discomfort, and hormonal dysregulation through a comprehensive evaluation of symptom scores, reproductive hormone levels, ovarian follicle counts, and patient-reported outcomes, and ensuring its safety and tolerability over a 120-day supplementation. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation, 75 early perimenopausal women (aged 40–50 years) with mild-to-moderate VMS were assigned to receive either CL22209 (50- or 100 mg/day) or placebo over a period of 120 consecutive days. The primary endpoint was the change in total Menopausal Rating Scale (MRS) scores. Secondary outcomes included Hot Flash Weekly Weighted Score (HFWWS), Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire (MSQ) score, follicle count via ultrasonography, and serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and 17β-estradiol (E2) in the participants. Skin and hair quality, as well as patient-reported outcomes, were also assessed. Safety and tolerability were evaluated through monitoring of hematology, clinical biochemistry, urinalysis, and adverse events. Results: Supplementation with CL22209 at both 50 mg and 100 mg/day significantly reduced MRS scores and HFWWS as compared to baseline and placebo (p < 0.001). Menstrual symptoms, particularly spasmodic and congestive dysmenorrhea, showed marked improvement. Notably, a dose-dependent modulation …
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Poonam Yadav
creator: Suman Yadav
creator: Sai Sarada Vedururu
creator: Gayatri Kiumari
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Functional Foods in Health and Disease https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-07-23
publication date: 2025-07-23
starting page: 415
ending page: 443
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i7.1684

Heat-inactivated Bacillus subtilis subsp. natto strain QOL (QOLbacillus natto) improves negative mood states: A randomized,double-blind, and placebo-controlled parallel study
type: item
description: Background/Objectives: Heat-inactivated Bacillus subtilis subsp. natto strain QOL (QOL bacillus natto) is a bacterial strain isolated from the fermented food natto and is produced through heat sterilization following pure culture. QOL bacillus natto has been reported to improve sleep quality in healthy adults, and to improve depression-like behavior caused by social defeat stress in animal models. However, there is a lack of research investigating the effects of QOL bacillus natto on psychological stress related to desk work. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of QOL bacillus natto intake on psychological stress in healthy adults prone to fatigue and stress caused by daily desk work. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted on 112 healthy adult males and females aged 24 to 89 years. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either a test food containing QOL bacillus natto (100 mg) or a placebo daily for 8 weeks. Participants were assessed at weeks 0 and 8 using the Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition (POMS2), the Ogu-ri-Shirakawa-Azumi Sleep Inventory MA version (OSA-MA), and stress intensity using visual analog scale (VAS). Results: After 8 weeks of intervention, the Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) score in POMS2 for the QOL bacillus natto group was below the mean value, and significantly lower than that of the placebo group. Additionally, the Vigor-Activity score in POMS2 for the QOL bacillus natto group was above the mean value, and significantly higher than that of the placebo group. Conclusions: The results suggested that QOL bacillus natto intake enhances vigor and activity, improves negative mood states, and is effective in reducing psychological stress. Trial registration: jRCT1030240202 Keywords: Bacillus subtilis; QOL bacillus natto; Postbiotics; Stress; Negative mood states; POMS
subject: Clinical Trial
  topic: section
creator: Naoki Nakamura
creator: Yuichi Sano
creator: Naoko Suzuki
creator: Tsuyoshi Takara
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-01
publication date: 2025-08-01
starting page: 495
ending page: 505
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i8.1677

The influence of 2'-fucosyllactose on intestinal cell function: A comprehensive review of experimental studies
type: item
description: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal illnesses that causes preterm neonates to die. This occurs because Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is activated by lipopolysaccharides, and preterm newborns' intestines express TLR4 at far greater levels than those of full-term neonates. NEC occurs in approximately 1 out of every 1,000 live births, with 5% to 10% incidence, and over 90% of cases are observed in infants younger than one month. Certain elements in breast milk have been found to help lower the risk of NEC. This systematic review aims to analyze various experimental studies related to the administration of 2’-Fucosyllactose (2'FL) that have the potential to induce improvement and therapy in NEC cases through intestinal cell function. There have not been many systematic reviews that specifically highlight the therapeutic effects of 2'FL on Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC), most of which still address the role of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). The results show that the search flow uses the PRISMA Flowchart; after screening 133 titles and abstracts, 55 studies were accessed to verify the feasibility of the full text. Overall, there were 5 studies selected in this study for a comprehensive review. According to the study's findings, 2'-FL, one of the HMOs, has a number of advantageous impacts on the host's immune system and digestive tract. Among many other advantages, HMOs have been shown to boost the immunological response to vaccinations, influence the makeup of the gut microbiota, and enhance the expression of genes related to gut function. Keywords: NEC, HMOs, 2'-FL, Intestine, TLR4.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
creator: Eko Sulistijono
creator: Loeki Enggar Fitri
creator: Krisni Subandiyah
creator: Husnul Khotimah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-06
publication date: 2025-10-06
starting page: 701
ending page: 711
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i10.1675

Passiflora ligularis extract improved acetylcholinesterase activity, oxidative stress markers, and neurocognitive outcomes in scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's model in zebrafish
type: item
description: Background: Passiflora ligularis (granadilla) is known for its health benefits, including its potential in managing obesity. inflammation, and diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an extract from P. ligularis fruit (PAS) o neuroinflammation, n cognitive function, and oxidative stress in a zebrafish model of scopolamine (SCO)-induced neurodegeneration. Methods: Flavonoid profile was evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV-MS). Zebrafish (Danio rerio) received oral PAS at dose of 4, 6, and 8 µg/ml or donepezil used as positive control (0.65 mg/kg) for 19 days, followed by SCO administration (100 µg/ml) one hour before behavioral tests. These included the novel tank diving test (NTT), Y-maze test, and novel object recognition test (NOR). Post-experiment biochemical brain parameters were analyzed. Results: HPLC-UV-MS identified 11 phenolic compounds previously reported for their neuroprotective potential. PAS treatment significantly improved acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, oxidative stress markers, and neurocognitive impairments, demonstrating effects comparable to the donepezil group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that Passiflora ligularis extract may be a promising phytotherapeutic approach for alleviating memory impairment and symptoms associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Novelty of the study: This study investigates the effect of Passiflora ligularis extract on neurodegenerative disease in zebrafish model, revealing its potential to alleviate neurocognitive impairments mitigate neuroinflammation, reactive oxygen species and acetylcholinesterase. Keyword: Passiflora ligularis; Alzheimer´s disease; neurodegenerative disease; oxidative stress
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Rosa Martha Perez Gutierrez
creator: Julio Tellez Gómez
creator: Diana Maylet Hernández Martínez
creator: Alethia Muñiz Ramirez
creator: José María Mota Flores
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Functional Foods in Health and Disease https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-07-25
publication date: 2025-07-25
starting page: 479
ending page: 494
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i7.1668

https://www.ffhdj.com/index.php/ffhd/article/view/1666
type: item
title: Rice-derived glucosylceramides up-regulate HLA-DR expression on myeloid dendritic cells to activate innate immune responses in healthy Japanese subjects: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial
description: Introduction: In a prior study, we found that rice-derived glucosylceramides (GlCer) improved overall health and alleviated common cold symptoms, including nasal congestion, sore throat, coughing, headache, muscle pain, and diarrhea. One of the underlying mechanisms may involve the enhanced activation of antigen-presenting cells (APC) through Mincle, a c-type lectin receptor, and toll-like receptors. However, the clinical impact of GlCer on cell-mediated innate immunity, especially concerning APC, is not yet fully understood. Objective: Therefore, we performed a clinical study on the effects of commercially available rice-GlCer (Oryza Ceramide®) on blood dendritic cells (DC). Methods: The study was planned as a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Oryza Ceramide®-PCD (OC-PCD, 20 mg) tablets, each containing 0.6 mg of GlCer, were used as the active tablet. Twenty-two healthy Japanese individuals were enrolled and randomly divided to an active group (n=11) or placebo group (n=11 For 8 weeks, participants took three active tablets (60 mg of OC-PCD) or three placebo tablets daily. DC ratios and CD expression on DC during the intervention were set as the primary outcomes. Results: All subjects finished the trial, and the per protocol set constituted 11 in each group. The myeloid DC (mDC) ratio and CD86 expression were significantly lower in the active group than in the placebo group. In contrast, HLA-DR expression on mDC was slightly higher in the active group. A stratified analysis of subjects with mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) for HLA-DR <60,000 revealed a significant high value in HLA-DR expression in the active group. A correlation was observed between changes in MFI values for HLA-DR and CD86 on mDC. However, plasmacytoid DC parameters did not change. Novelty of the Study: Rice-derived GlCer was firstly clarified to enhance innate immune response specifically mDC to improve common cold symptoms through this clinical trial. Conclusions: The oral ad…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Kenchi Miyasaka
creator: Shogo Takeda
creator: Akari Yoneda
creator: Mizuki Kubo
creator: Hiroshi Shimoda
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Functional Foods in Health and Disease - Online ISSN: 2160-3855; Print ISSN: 2378-7007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-04
publication date: 2025-08-04
starting page: 506
ending page: 518
doi: 10.31989/ffhd.v15i8.1666